Abstract mRNA vaccines have evolved from being a mere curiosity to emerging as COVID-
19 vaccine front-runners. Recent advancements in the field of RNA technology, vaccinology …

In the early nineties, pioneering steps were taken in the use of mRNA as a therapeutic tool
for vaccination. In the following decades, an improved understanding of the mRNA …

It is unknown whether the human immune system frequently mounts a T cell response
against mutations expressed by common epithelial cancers. Using a next-generation …

Synthetic mRNA provides a template for the synthesis of any given protein, protein fragment
or peptide and lends itself to a broad range of pharmaceutical applications, including …

Active immunization using tumor antigen-loaded dendritic cells holds promise for the
adjuvant treatment of cancer to eradicate or control residual disease, but so far, most …

Many antigens recognized by autologous T lymphocytes have been identified on human
melanoma. Melanoma patients usually mount a spontaneous T cell response against their …

Background & Aims Ligand binding to inhibitory receptors on immune cells, such as
programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA4) …

mRNA is the central molecule of all forms of life. It is generally accepted that current life on
Earth descended from an RNA world. mRNA, after its first therapeutic description in 1992 …

Cancer neoantigens that arise from tumor mutations are drivers of tumor-specific T cell
responses, but identification of T cell-recognized neoantigens in individual patients is …

The interest in therapeutic cancer vaccines has caught enormous attention in recent years
due to several breakthroughs in cancer research, among which the finding that successful …