The success of checkpoint inhibitors has accelerated the clinical implementation of a vast
mosaic of single agents and combination immunotherapies. However, the lack of clinical …

The increasing use of multiple immunomodulatory (IMD) agents for cancer therapies (eg
antibodies targeting immune checkpoints, bispecific antibodies, and chimeric antigen …

With increasing numbers of bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) and multispecific products entering
the clinic, recent data highlight immunogenicity as an emerging challenge in the …

Immune responses to protein and peptide drugs can alter or reduce their efficacy and may
be associated with adverse effects. While anti-drug antibodies (ADA) are a standard clinical …

Abstract Elevated interleukin (IL)-21 is a common finding in the tissues and/or sera of
patients with autoimmune disease. CD4 T cells are the primary producers of IL-21; often the …

Studies on the role of interleukins (ILs) in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases allow for
the better understanding of pathologic mechanisms of disease and reshaping of treatment …

Therapeutic proteins provide interventions for some of the most complex and intractable
diseases and are an essential part of modern medicine. Immunogenicity is the development …

Antibodies continue to be extremely utilized entities in myriad applications including basic
research, imaging, targeted delivery, chromatography, diagnostics, and therapeutics. At …

An In Vitro Comparative Immunogenicity Assessment (IVCIA) assay was evaluated as a tool
for predicting the potential relative immunogenicity of biotherapeutic attributes. Peripheral …

ABSTRACT A major impediment to successful use of therapeutic protein drugs is their ability
to induce anti-drug antibodies (ADA) that can alter treatment efficacy and safety in a …