Since the discovery of the ash tree (Fraxinus spp.) killer emerald ash borer (EAB; Agrilus
planipennis) in the United States in 2002 and Moscow, Russia in 2003, substantial detection …

Forests form rich biodiversity hubs that act as large reservoirs of natural carbon. The spatial
and temporal heterogeneity of these complex habitats of forest floors provides ecological …

Ips typographus L.(Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is one of the serious pests causing mass
destruction of European spruce forests, with a substantial economic impact. Symbiotic …

The expanding world population demands superior forest protection to fulfil feasible
environmental certainty. The persistent pest infestations negatively influence forest health …

Fungal diseases threaten the forest ecosystem, impacting tree health, productivity, and
biodiversity. Conventional approaches to combating diseases, such as biological control or …

The bark beetle, Ips typographus (L.), is a major pest of Norway spruce, Picea abies (L.),
causing enormous economic losses globally. The adult stage of the I. typographus has a …

The spotted bollworm Earias vittella (Lepidoptera: Nolidae) is a polyphagous pest with
enormous economic significance, primarily affecting cotton and okra. However, the lack of …

Abstract Purpose of Review The collective virome of forest trees can be considered to
include not only plant viruses, but also viral communities harbored by all tree-associated …

Termites are keystone species and play an essential role in the ecosystem by decomposing
plants and wood mate-rials with adapted endogenous and symbiotic cellulase systems to …

Host shift is ecologically advantageous and a crucial driver for herbivore insect speciation.
Insects on the non-native host obtain enemy-free space and confront reduced competition …