version of the Guidelines, which is freely available via the ESC and EAS websites and
hosted on their journals' websites (EHJ and Atherosclerosis Journal). The National Cardiac …

Background Inflammation links to atherosclerosis and its complications in various
experimental investigations. Animal studies have implicated numerous inflammatory …

Most older individuals develop inflammageing, a condition characterized by elevated levels
of blood inflammatory markers that carries high susceptibility to chronic morbidity, disability …

Inflammation constitutes a complex, highly conserved cascade of molecular and cellular
events. Inflammation has been labeled as “the fire within,” is highly regulated, and is critical …

Background: Lipoprotein (a)[Lp (a)] may play a causal role in atherosclerosis. PCSK9
(proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9) inhibitors have been shown to significantly reduce …

Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can manifest as a viral-induced
hyperinflammation with multiorgan dysfunction. It has been documented that severe COVID …

Mendelian randomization refers to an analytic approach to assess the causality of an
observed association between a modifiable exposure or risk factor and a clinically relevant …

Mendelian randomization (MR) is a burgeoning field that involves the use of genetic variants
to assess causal relationships between exposures and outcomes. MR studies can be …

Plasma levels of the inflammatory biomarker high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP)
predict vascular risk with an effect estimate as large as that of total or high-density …

C-reactive protein (CRP) is a sensitive biomarker of chronic low-grade inflammation and is
associated with multiple complex diseases. The genetic determinants of chronic …