Apoptosis is a form of regulated cell death (RCD) that involves proteases of the caspase
family. Pharmacological and genetic strategies that experimentally inhibit or delay apoptosis …

Heart failure exhibits remarkable pathophysiologic heterogeneity. A large body of evidence
suggests that regardless of the underlying etiology, heart failure is associated with induction …

Cardiac fibrosis is a common pathophysiologic companion of most myocardial diseases,
and is associated with systolic and diastolic dysfunction, arrhythmogenesis, and adverse …

In adult mammals, massive sudden loss of cardiomyocytes after infarction overwhelms the
limited regenerative capacity of the myocardium, resulting in the formation of a collagen …

Background: A systemic proinflammatory state has been hypothesized to mediate the
association between comorbidities and abnormal cardiac structure/function in heart failure …

Myocardial infarction triggers an intense inflammatory response that is essential for cardiac
repair, but which is also implicated in the pathogenesis of postinfarction remodelling and …

Inflammation has been recognized as a major pathophysiological contributor to the entire
spectrum of human heart failure (HF), including HF with reduced ejection fraction, HF with …

Cardiac fibrosis is characterized by net accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins in the
cardiac interstitium, and contributes to both systolic and diastolic dysfunction in many …

By virtue of their actions on NF-κB, an inflammatory nuclear transcription factor, various
cytokines have been documented to play important regulatory roles in determining cardiac …

Background: Heart failure (HF) is a state of inappropriately sustained inflammation,
suggesting the loss of normal immunosuppressive mechanisms. Regulatory T-lymphocytes …