Wnt signaling is crucial for embryonic development in all animal species studied to date. The
interaction between Wnt proteins and cell surface receptors can result in a variety of …

The transforming growth factor (TGF)-β family is a group of structurally related,
multifunctional growth factors, or ligands that are crucially involved in the development …

Insects are the most ecologically important multicellular heterotrophs in terrestrial systems.
They play critical roles in ecological food webs, remain devastating agricultural and medical …

The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway comprises multiple ligands and
receptors that interact promiscuously with one another and typically appear in combinations …

▪ Abstract Many organs including the mammalian lung and vascular system consist of
branched tubular networks that transport essential gases or fluids, but the genetic programs …

In multicellular organisms, secreted ligands selectively activate, or" address," specific target
cell populations to control cell fate decision-making and other processes. Key cell-cell …

Wnt proteins are members of a conserved family of secreted signaling ligands and play
crucial roles during development and in tissue homeostasis. There is increasing evidence …

Wnt ligands are lipid-modified, secreted glycoproteins that control multiple steps during
embryogenesis and adult-tissue homeostasis. Little is known about the mechanisms …

Epithelial cell sheets line the organ and body surfaces and the specialized barrier functions
of these epithelia regulate the exchange of substances with the outside environment and …

Abstract Background The Wnt genes encode secreted glycoprotein ligands that regulate a
wide range of developmental processes, including axis elongation and segmentation. There …