In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of the data sources and estimation
methods of 30 currently available global precipitation data sets, including gauge‐based …

ERA‐Interim is the latest global atmospheric reanalysis produced by the European Centre
for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). The ERA‐Interim project was conducted …

2 Chapter 2 assesses observed large-scale changes in climate system drivers, key climate
indicators and 3 principal modes of variability. Chapter 3 considers model performance and …

The extension of the ERA5 reanalysis back to 1950 supplements the previously published
segment covering 1979 to the present. It features the assimilation of additional conventional …

Abstract Within the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), ECMWF is producing the
ERA5 reanalysis which, once completed, will embody a detailed record of the global …

Humans' ability to efficiently shed heat has enabled us to range over every continent, but a
wet-bulb temperature (TW) of 35° C marks our upper physiological limit, and much lower …

Atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD) is a critical variable in determining plant
photosynthesis. Synthesis of four global climate datasets reveals a sharp increase of VPD …

We outline a new and improved uncertainty analysis for the Goddard Institute for Space
Studies Surface Temperature product version 4 (GISTEMP v4). Historical spatial variations …

Arid and semi-arid regions of the world are particularly vulnerable to greenhouse gas–
driven hydroclimate change. Climate models are our primary tool for projecting the future …

Reanalysis products are often taken as an alternative solution to observational weather and
climate data due to availability and accessibility problems, particularly in data-sparse …