The mammalian mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) includes complexes I‑IV, as
well as the electron transporters ubiquinone and cytochrome c. There are two electron …

Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is incompletely coupled, since protons translocated
to the intermembrane space by specific respiratory complexes of the electron transport chain …

Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and detoxification are tightly
balanced. Shifting this balance enables ROS to activate intracellular signaling and/or induce …

Mitochondria couple respiration to ATP synthesis through an electrochemical proton
gradient. Proton leak across the inner membrane allows adjustment of the coupling …

Insulin resistance is characteristic of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and components of the
cardiometabolic syndrome, including hypertension and dyslipidemia, that collectively …

Mitochondria are potent producers of cellular superoxide, from complexes I and III of the
electron transport chain, and mitochondrial superoxide production is a major cause of the …

Evidence for the physiological functions of UCP2 and UCP3 is critically reviewed. They do
not mediate adaptive thermogenesis, but they may be significantly thermogenic under …

Uncoupling protein (UCP) 1 is an integral membrane protein that is located in the
mitochondrial inner membrane of brown adipocytes. Its physiological role is to mediate a …

Lipid peroxidation (LPO) product accumulation in human tissues is a major cause of tissular
and cellular dysfunction that plays a major role in ageing and most age-related and …

Diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial disease, classically influenced by genetic determinants
of individual susceptibility and by environmental accelerating factors, such as lifestyle. It is …