Paleoproteomics, the study of ancient proteins, is a rapidly growing field at the intersection of
molecular biology, paleontology, archaeology, paleoecology, and history. Paleoproteomics …

The analysis of ancient proteins from paleontological, archeological, and historic materials is
revealing insights into past subsistence practices, patterns of health and disease, evolution …

The Pleistocene presence of the genus Homo in continental Southeast Asia is primarily
evidenced by a sparse stone tool record and rare human remains. Here we report a Middle …

The phylogenetic relationships between hominins of the Early Pleistocene epoch in Eurasia,
such as Homo antecessor, and hominins that appear later in the fossil record during the …

Only five species of the once-diverse Rhinocerotidae remain, making the reconstruction of
their evolutionary history a challenge to biologists since Darwin. We sequenced genomes …

Tooth enamel is the outer covering of tooth crowns, the hardest material in the mammalian
body, yet fracture resistant. The extremely high content of 95 wt% calcium phosphate in …

Sex estimation of skeletons is fundamental to many archaeological studies. Currently, three
approaches are available to estimate sex–osteology, genomics, or proteomics, but little is …

High-throughput proteomic analysis of archaeological skeletal remains provides information
about past fauna community compositions and species dispersals in time and space …

Protein is a major component of all biological evidence, often the matrix that embeds other
biomolecules such as polynucleotides, lipids, carbohydrates, and small molecules. The …

Gigantopithecus blacki was a giant hominid that inhabited densely forested environments of
Southeast Asia during the Pleistocene epoch. Its evolutionary relationships to other great …