Biofilms are a form of collective life with emergent properties that confer many advantages
on their inhabitants, and they represent a much higher level of organization than single cells …

The seabed plays a key role in the marine carbon cycle as a) the terminal location of aerobic
oxidation of organic matter, b) the greatest anaerobic bioreactor, and c) the greatest …

The ocean is a key component of the Earth system (Chapter 1) as it provides essential life
supporting services (Inniss et al. 2017). For example, it stores heat trapped in the …

A census of the biomass on Earth is key for understanding the structure and dynamics of the
biosphere. However, a global, quantitative view of how the biomass of different taxa …

The sensitivity of soil microbial respiration to warming (Q 10) remains a major source of
uncertainty surrounding the projections of soil carbon emissions to the atmosphere as the …

Despite the importance of microbial communities for ecosystem services and human
welfare, the relationship between microbial diversity and multiple ecosystem functions and …

Commercial-scale mining for polymetallic nodules could have a major impact on the deep-
sea environment, but the effects of these mining activities on deep-sea ecosystems are very …

This study comprised a meta-analysis of elasmobranch bycatch in commercial longline,
trawl, purse-seine and gillnet fisheries in order to obtain a general perspective of bycatch …

Background Marine microbial communities have been essential contributors to global
biomass, nutrient cycling, and biodiversity since the early history of Earth, but so far their …

The deep sea is often viewed as a vast, dark, remote, and inhospitable environment, yet the
deep ocean and seafloor are crucial to our lives through the services that they provide. Our …