The pathology of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is complex; multiple biological pathways
have been implicated, including, but not limited to, inflammation and oxidative stress …

Purpose Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death, globally, and its
prevalence is only expected to rise due to the increasing incidence of co-morbidities such as …

Objectives. To investigate the potential association of a set of serum cytokines with the
severity of coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods. A total of 201 patients who underwent …

Background: Over the last decades, the role of inflammation and immune system activation
in the initiation and progression of coronary artery disease (CAD) has been established …

Regulatory T (Treg) cells play a protective role against the development of atherosclerosis.
Previous studies have revealed Treg cell defects in patients with non-ST elevation acute …

Objective Atherosclerosis is characterized by a chronic inflammatory response involving
activated T cells and impairment of natural killer (NK) cells. An increased T cell activity has …

Heart failure-associated morbidity and mortality is largely attributable to extensive and
unregulated cardiac remodelling. Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) calyces are enriched with …

Background The levels of circulating cytokines fluctuate with age, acute illness, and chronic
disease, and are predictive of mortality; this is also true for patterns of DNA (CpG) …

Purpose A modern concept regards acute coronary syndrome (ACS) as an auto-
inflammatory disorder. The purpose of the present study is to assess the plasma levels of …

Biomarkers are becoming increasingly more important in clinical decision-making, as well
as basic science. Diagnosing myocardial infarction (MI) is largely driven by detecting cardiac …