Objectives To discuss the clinical pharmacology of currently licensed veterinary NSAIDs and
to review gastrointestinal and renal adverse effects as well as drug-drug interactions that …

Dehorning is a commonly performed practice in both beef and dairy cattle industries.
Dehorning or disbudding in cattle is performed for a variety of reasons, including safety for …

Rationale: The robust advances in pain management for companion animals underlie the
decision of the American Animal Hospital Association (AAHA) and American Association of …

Opioids are the prototypical analgesics, antitussives, and antidiarrheal drug class. The
opioid receptor system or opioid effects have been identified in numerous animal species …

Abstract The Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) has been a prognostic tool for
assessing the potential effects of formulation on the human drug oral bioavailability. When …

Lack of effectiveness of tramadol hydrochloride for the treatment of pain and joint
dysfunction in dogs with chronic osteoarthritis in: Journal of the American Veterinary …

Treatment of outpatient pain in dogs and cats can be rewarding for the owners and
veterinarians. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly administered to …

Background Pain and impaired mobility because of osteoarthritis (OA) is common in dogs
and humans. Efficacy studies of analgesic drug treatment of dogs with naturally occurring …

Tramadol is widely used to manage mild to moderately painful conditions in dogs. However,
this use is controversial, since clinical efficacy studies in dogs showed conflicting results …

Objective To compare the effects of tramadol alone, or in combination with dipyrone or
meloxicam, on postoperative pain and analgesia requirement after unilateral mastectomy …