Both preclinical and clinical studies implicate functional impairments of several neuroactive
metabolites of the kynurenine pathway (KP), the major degradative cascade of the essential …

Background Immune checkpoints are regulatory molecules that suppress immune effector
cells, and are essential for maintaining tolerance, preventing autoimmune reactions, and …

Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is a heme enzyme involved in catalyzing the
conversion of tryptophan (Trp) into kynurenine (Kyn) at the first rate-limiting step in the …

Oncogenesis and the development of tumors affect metabolism throughout the body.
Metabolic reprogramming (also known as metabolic remodeling) is a feature of malignant …

Immunotherapy has become one of the most revolutionary modalities for cancer treatment
with the approval of many anti-PD-L1 (programmed cell death-ligand 1)/PD-1 (programmed …

Discovering effective anti-cancer agents poses a formidable challenge given the limited
efficacy of current therapeutic modalities against various cancer types due to intrinsic …

Simple Summary Immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a clinical reality
with impressive efficacy for some patients. However, less than half of them will benefit from …

Simple Summary The incidence of endometrial cancer is increasing, creating a need for fast
and efficient diagnostic methods. This study explores a new, non-invasive approach using …

Cervical cancer (CC) is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer and the third leading
cause of cancer death among females. The options of treatment for recurrent/advanced CC …

Esophageal carcinoma (EC), one of the most lethal human malignancies, lacks effective
targeted therapies. Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) plays a key role in a variety of …