Humans and animals use mental representations of the spatial structure of the world to
navigate. The classical view is that these representations take the form of Euclidean …

The'cognitive map'hypothesis proposes that brain builds a unified representation of the
spatial environment to support memory and guide future action. Forty years of …

As the proverbial creatures of habit, people tend to repeat the same behaviors in recurring
contexts. This review characterizes habits in terms of their cognitive, motivational, and …

Aging affects many aspects of everyday living, such as autonomy, security and quality of life.
Among all, spatial memory and spatial navigation show a gradual but noticeable decline, as …

While the widely studied allocentric spatial representation holds a special status in
neuroscience research, its exact nature and neural underpinnings continue to be the topic of …

There are marked individual differences in the formation of cognitive maps both in the real
world and in virtual environments (VE; eg, Blajenkova, Motes, & Kozhevnikov, 2005; Chai & …

Across 5 studies, we tested whether habits can improve (as well as derail) goal pursuit when
people have limited willpower. Habits are repeated responses automatically triggered by …

Research on the existence of cognitive maps and on the cognitive processes that support
effective navigation has often focused on functioning across individuals. However, there are …

Cognitive maps are encoded in the hippocampal formation and related regions and range
from the spatial to the purely conceptual. Neural mechanisms that encode information into …

Much of our understanding of navigation comes from the study of individual species, often
with specific tasks tailored to those species. Here, we provide a novel experimental and …