Plastids, mitochondria, and peroxisomes are key organelles with dynamic proteomes in
photosynthetic eukaryotes. Their biogenesis and activity must be coordinated and require …

Most of the mitochondrial and chloroplastic proteins are nuclear encoded and synthesized in
the cytosol as precursor proteins with N-terminal extensions called targeting peptides …

Chloroplasts originated from the endosymbiosis of ancestral cyanobacteria and maintain
transcription and translation machineries for around 100 proteins. Most endosymbiont …

Plastids are unique organelles that can alter their structure and function in response to
environmental and developmental stimuli. Chloroplasts are one type of plastid and are the …

Protein amino (N) termini are prone to modifications and are major determinants of protein
stability in bacteria, eukaryotes, and perhaps also in chloroplasts. Most chloroplast proteins …

Clubroot, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae Woronin, is an important soilborne disease
of Brassica napus L. and other crucifers. To improve understanding of the mechanisms of …

Photosynthetic activity is established during chloroplast biogenesis. In this study we used
680 nm red light to overexcite Photosystem II and disrupt photosynthesis in two conditional …

Chromium (Cr) metal is highly toxic to plants and causes severe damage to their growth,
development, and reproduction. Plant exposure to chronic and acute Cr stress treatments …

The photosynthetic capacity of chloroplasts is vital for autotrophic growth in algae and
plants. The origin of the chloroplast has been explained by the endosymbiotic theory that …

Posttranslational protein targeting requires chaperone assistance to direct insertion-
competent proteins to integration pathways. Chloroplasts integrate nearly all thylakoid …