Plant hormones are signalling compounds that regulate crucial aspects of growth,
development and environmental stress responses. Abiotic stresses, such as drought …

Protein kinases are major players in various signal transduction pathways. Understanding
the molecular mechanisms behind plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses has …

Abscisic acid (ABA) is an important phytohormone regulating plant growth, development,
and stress responses. It has an essential role in multiple physiological processes of plants …

Proline is a multifunctional amino acid that is accumulated in high concentrations in plants
under various stress conditions. Proline accumulation is intimately connected to many …

We present unresolved questions in plant abiotic stress biology as posed by 15 research
groups with expertise spanning eco-physiology to cell and molecular biology. Common …

Abscisic acid (ABA) is known to confer stress tolerance; however, at elevated levels it
impairs plant growth under prolonged stress. Paradoxically, at its basal level, ABA plays …

Content Summary 414 I. Introduction 415 II. Ca2+ importer and exporter in plants 415 III. The
Ca2+ decoding toolkit in plants 415 IV. Mechanisms of Ca2+ signal decoding 417 V …

Heat stress (HS) is becoming an increasingly significant problem for food security as global
warming progresses. Recent studies have elucidated the complex transcriptional regulatory …

Climate change significantly affects plant growth and productivity by causing different biotic
and abiotic stresses to plants. Among the different abiotic stresses, at the top of the list are …

Abiotic stress is a primary threat to fulfill the demand of agricultural production to feed the
world in coming decades. Plants reduce growth and development process during stress …