Objective: Low back pain affects many individuals. It has profound effects on well-being and
is often the cause of significant physical and psychological health impairments. Low back …

The purpose of this comprehensive review is to describe various aspects of crisis of opioid
use in the United States. The obstacles that must be surmounted are primarily inappropriate …

Background: Opioid use, abuse, and adverse consequences, including death, have
escalated at an alarming rate since the 1990s. In an attempt to control opioid abuse …

Objectives. The objective of this study was to estimate the societal costs of prescription
opioid abuse, dependence, and misuse in the United States. Methods. Costs were grouped …

Persistent pain interfering with daily activities is common. Chronic pain has been defined in
many ways. Chronic pain syndrome is a separate entity from chronic pain. Chronic pain is …

Objective: Review, synthesize, and summarize recent evidence on adverse effects of long-
term opioid treatment for noncancer pain and present an organ system-based guide for …

Background The past two decades have witnessed an epidemic of opioid use disorder
(OUD) in the USA, resulting in catastrophic loss of life secondary to opioid overdoses …

Therapeutic opioid use has increased substantially, specifically of Schedule II drugs. Apart
from lack of effectiveness (except for short-term, acute pain) there are multiple adverse …

Background: The evidence-based practice guidelines for the management of chronic spinal
pain with interventional techniques were developed to provide recommendations to …

Background: Comprehensive, evidence-based guidelines for interventional techniques in
the management of chronic spinal pain are described here to provide recommendations for …