The vertebrate immune system is comprised of numerous distinct and interdependent
components. Every component has its own inherent protective value, and the final …

The B cell receptor and secreted antibody are at the nexus of humoral adaptive immunity. In
this review, we summarize what is known of the immunoglobulin genes of jawed …

During the analysis of Ig superfamily members within the available rainbow trout
(Oncorhynchus mykiss) EST gene index, we identified a unique Ig heavy-chain (IgH) …

The only immunoglobulin heavy-chain classes known so far in teleosts have been μ and δ.
We identify here a previously unknown class, immunoglobulin ζ, expressed in zebrafish and …

In modern bony fishes, or teleost fish, the general lack of leucocyte markers has greatly
hampered investigations of the anatomy of the immune system and its reactions involved in …

In contrast to higher vertebrates, most fish species hatch at the embryonic stage of life.
Consequently, they have to defend against a variety of micro-organisms living in their …

With lymphoid tissue anatomy different than mammals, and diverse adaptations to all
aquatic environments, fish constitute a fascinating group of vertebrate to study the biology of …

Immunoglobulins are glycoproteins which are produced as membrane-bound receptors on
B-cells or in a secreted form, known as antibodies. In teleosts, three immunoglobulin …

Maternal immunity is of paramount importance for protection of young ones at early stage of
life since the immune factors of an immunocompetent female are transferred transplacentally …

In fish all the pre‐requisites to mount a specific immune response are present, but the main
differences from the mammalian system are that the secondary response is relatively minor …