Circulating concentrations of the pleiotropic cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) are known to be
increased in pro-inflammatory critical care syndromes, such as sepsis and acute respiratory …

Type 1 and type 2 diabetes are characterized by chronic inflammation; both diseases
involve pancreatic islet inflammation, while systemic low-grade inflammation is a feature of …

Rationale: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a global threat to health. Its inflammatory
characteristics are incompletely understood. Objectives: To define the cytokine profile of …

Pneumonia is a type of acute lower respiratory infection that is common and severe. The
outcome of lower respiratory infection is determined by the degrees to which immunity is …

Here, we review a novel concept namely the compensatory immune-regulatory reflex system
(CIRS) as applied to the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar …

TMPRSS2 is a type II transmembrane protease with broad expression in epithelial cells of
the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract, the prostate, and other organs. Although the …

BMP2 and TGFβ1 are functional antagonists of pathological remodeling in the arteries,
heart, and lung; however, the mechanisms in VSMCs, and their disturbance in pulmonary …

Abstract Alpha-1-Antitrypsin deficiency (AATD), caused by SERPINA1 mutations, is one of
the most prevalent Mendelian disorders among individuals of European descend. However …

Abstract Alpha‐1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency is an under‐recognized hereditary disorder
associated with the premature onset of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, liver cirrhosis …

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) includes a spectrum of liver disorders, from fatty
liver to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma …