Abstract The calcium ion (Ca2+) is a universal signal in all eukaryotic cells. A fundamental
question is how Ca2+, a simple cation, encodes complex information with high specificity …

Adverse variations of abiotic environmental cues that deviate from an optimal range impose
stresses to plants. Abiotic stresses severely impede plant physiology and development …

Heat stress (HS) is becoming an increasingly significant problem for food security as global
warming progresses. Recent studies have elucidated the complex transcriptional regulatory …

Contents Summary 49 I. Introduction 49 II. Physiological and structural characteristics of
plant Ca2+‐permeable ion channels 50 III. Ca2+ extrusion systems 61 IV. Concluding …

The transient elevation of cytosolic free calcium concentration ([Ca2+] cyt) induced by cold
stress is a well‐established phenomenon; however, the underlying mechanism remains …

Heat stress events are major factors limiting crop productivity. During summer days, land
plants must anticipate in a timely manner upcoming mild and severe temperature. They …

In flowering plants, pollen tubes undergo tip growth to deliver two nonmotile sperm to the
ovule where they fuse with an egg and central cell to achieve double fertilization. This …

Low temperature is a major environmental factor that limits plant growth and productivity.
Although transient elevation of cytoplasmic calcium has long been recognized as a critical …

Abstract Calcium (Ca 2+) is an essential macronutrient as well as a second messenger in
diverse biological processes in plants. Plants perceive various stimuli which leads to …

Key message We summarize recent studies focusing on the molecular basis of plant heat
stress response (HSR), how HSR leads to thermotolerance, and promote plant adaptation to …