The neurotransmitter transporters (NTTs) belonging to the solute carrier 6 (SLC6) gene
family (also referred to as the neurotransmitter-sodium-symporter family or Na+/Cl …

Na+/H+ exchangers play pivotal roles in the control of cell and tissue pH by mediating the
electroneutral exchange of Na+ and H+ across cellular membranes. They belong to an …

The proteins that form the permeation pathway of mechanosensory transduction channels in
inner-ear hair cells have not been definitively identified. Genetic, anatomical, and …

Cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels are nonselective cation channels first identified in
retinal photoreceptors and olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs). They are opened by the direct …

The glycine receptor chloride channel (GlyR) is a member of the nicotinic acetylcholine
receptor family of ligand-gated ion channels. Functional receptors of this family comprise five …

In voltage-dependent Na, K, or Ca channels, the probability of opening is modified by the
membrane potential. This is achieved through a voltage sensor that detects the voltage and …

The conversion of acetylcholine binding into ion conduction across the membrane is
becoming more clearly understood in terms of the structure of the receptor and its transitions …

Although chemists can synthesize virtually any small organic molecule, our ability to
rationally manipulate the structures of proteins is quite limited, despite their involvement in …

Palacı́n, Manuel, Raúl Estévez, Joan Bertran, and Antonio Zorzano. Molecular Biology of
Mammalian Plasma Membrane Amino Acid Transporters. Physiol. Rev. 78: 969–1054, 1998 …

Cys-loop receptors are membrane-spanning neurotransmitter-gated ion channels that are
responsible for fast excitatory and inhibitory transmission in the peripheral and central …