The term cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction (CAID) comprises the distinctive
spectrum of immune alterations associated with the course of end-stage liver disease …

Acute decompensation (AD) of cirrhosis is defined by the development of ascites, hepatic
encephalopathy (HE) and/or variceal bleeding. Ascites is traditionally attributed to …

Sepsis is defined as a life-threatening organ dysfunction that is caused by a dysregulated
host response to infection. Sepsis can induce acute kidney injury and multiple organ failures …

Inflammation is a hallmark of virtually all liver diseases, such as liver cancer, fibrosis,
nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, and cholangiopathies. Liver …

The pathophysiological background of decompensated cirrhosis is characterised by a
systemic proinflammatory and pro-oxidant milieu that plays a major role in the development …

The term acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) defines an abrupt and life-threatening
worsening of clinical conditions in patients with cirrhosis or chronic liver disease. In recent …

Acute and acute-on-chronic liver failure (ALF and ACLF), though distinct clinical entities, are
considered syndromes of innate immune dysfunction. Patients with ALF and ACLF display …

Cirrhosis is a multisystemic disease wherein inflammatory responses originating from
advanced liver disease and its sequelae affect distant compartments. Patients with cirrhosis …

Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) has been recognized as a severe clinical syndrome
based on the acute deterioration of chronic liver disease and is characterized by organ …

Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a complex syndrome that develops in patients with
cirrhosis and is characterized by acute decompensation, organ failure (s) and high short …