The expression of pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) by immune and tissue cells provides
the host with the ability to detect and respond to infection by viruses and other …

The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) family of transcription factors plays a central part in the host
response to infection by microbial pathogens, by orchestrating the innate and acquired host …

ABSTRACT SARS-CoV-2, the etiological agent of COVID-19, is characterized by a delay in
type I interferon (IFN-I)-mediated antiviral defenses alongside robust cytokine production …

Host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) sense pathogen-associated molecular patterns
(PAMPs), which are molecular signatures shared by different pathogens. Recognition of …

Infectious threats to humans are continuously emerging. The 2022 worldwide monkeypox
outbreak is the latest of these threats with the virus rapidly spreading to 106 countries by the …

Virus infection of mammalian cells is sensed by pattern recognition receptors and leads to
an innate immune response that restricts virus replication and induces adaptive immunity. In …

Cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) have been previously recognized as important secondary
signaling molecules in bacteria and, more recently, in mammalian cells. In the former case …

Infection of mammalian cells with viruses activates NF-κB to induce the expression of
cytokines and chemokines and initiate an antiviral response. Here, we show that a vaccinia …

Persistent infection of basal keratinocytes with high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) may
cause cancer. Keratinocytes are equipped with different pattern recognition receptors …

The innate immune system responds within minutes of infection to produce type I interferons
and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Interferons induce the synthesis of cell proteins with …