Helicases and translocases are a ubiquitous, highly diverse group of proteins that perform
an extraordinary variety of functions in cells. Consequently, this review sets out to define a …

The efficient repair of double-strand breaks in DNA is critical for the maintenance of genome
stability and cell survival. Homologous recombination provides an efficient and faithful …

Mitochondrial dysfunction affects cellular energy metabolism, but less is known about the
consequences for cytoplasmic biosynthetic reactions. We report that mtDNA replication …

In eukaryotic cells, incorrectly folded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are
exported into the cytosol and degraded by the proteasome. This pathway is co-opted by …

The stomatal pores of higher plants allow for gaseous exchange into and out of leaves.
Situated in the epidermis, they are surrounded by a pair of guard cells which control their …

Complex cellular events commonly depend on the activity of molecular “machines” that
efficiently couple enzymatic and regulatory functions within a multiprotein assembly. An …

The AAA+ superfamily of ATPases, which contain a homologous ATPase module, are found
in all kingdoms of living organisms where they participate in diverse cellular processes …

The gene products involved in mammalian mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) maintenance and
organization remain largely unknown. We report here a novel mitochondrial protein …

The 20S proteasome functions in protein degradation in eukaryotes together with the 19S
ATPases or in archaea with the homologous PAN ATPase complex. These ATPases contain …

Abstract Three‐dimensional (3D) domain swapping creates a bond between two or more
protein molecules as they exchange their identical domains. Since the term'3D domain …