The pressing global challenges, including global warming and climate change, the Russia-
Ukraine war, and the Covid-19 pandemic, all are indicative of the necessity of a transition …

Pretreatment processes—recognized as critical steps for efficient biomass refining—have
received much attention over the last two decades. In this context, deep eutectic solvents …

Bio-based materials have been used traditionally for millennia. Their use was overtaken in
recent times by the discovery and utilization of fossil-based resources for materials and …

Over the last few years, the world has been facing dramatic changes due to a condensed
period of multiple crises, including climate change, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the …

Renewable resources such as biomass are essential in increasing energy security and
enabling countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Biomass can be converted into …

Biodiesel use in homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines has the
potential to improve engine performance and combustion characteristics, while at the same …

Waste cooking oil biodiesel is a promising alternative to diesel and jet fuels. However, the
challenge of using waste cooking oil biodiesel is its higher viscosity and lower volatility than …

Pyrolysis of nitrogen-containing biomass holds tremendous potential for producing varieties
of high value-added products, alleviating energy depletion. Based on the research status …

Availability of biomass makes biofuel from bioresources more feasible. Recently, algal
biomass (AB) and lignocellulosic biomass (LB) have been widely used in …

Due to its high amount of organic and biodegradable components that can be recycled,
biowaste is not only a major cause of environmental contamination, but also a vast store of …