Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become one of the leading causes
of death worldwide. The impact of poor nutritional status on increased mortality and …

Introduction Despite extensive investigations into the roles of inflammatory biomarkers in the
prognosis of COVID-19 through systematic reviews and meta-analyses, they are limited by …

Background COVID-19 infection involves a complex interplay of the immunological and
inflammatory responses. Low blood-oxygen levels have been a hallmark in COVID-19 …

These diverse outcomes of Covid-19 are influenced by various factors including age,
gender, underlying health conditions, immune responses, viral variants, external factors, and …

The prediction of disease outcomes in COVID-19 patients in the ICU is of critical importance,
and the examination of host gene expressions is a promising tool. The 29-host mRNA Inflam …

Introduction: Indonesia, as a developing country, has limited data on the factors associated
with 30-day mortality in COVID-19 patients in Indonesia. As a matter of fact, study analyzing …

Background There is a knowledge gap of specific characteristics linked to disease severity
of the different COVID-19 waves, especially in underserved populations. We compared the …

Methods We prospectively included 39 patients with severe or critical COVID-19 illness with
an age equal to more than 18 years. In addition to routine baseline investigations, serum …

The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of lung immune responses to
pathogens and environmental factors. The lungs and upper airways are the first sites of …

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes great challenges in various aspects. The
clinical course of the disease can progress rapidly and lead to serious and fatal …