Women undergo important changes in sex hormones throughout their lifetime that can
impact cardiovascular disease risk. Whereas the traditional cardiovascular risk factors …

The aging and elderly population are particularly susceptible to cardiovascular disease. Age
is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adults, but these risks are …

Background The cardiovascular safety of testosterone-replacement therapy in middle-aged
and older men with hypogonadism has not been determined. Methods In a multicenter …

Sarcopenia, a geriatric disease characterized by a progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass
and loss of muscle function, constitutes a rising, often undiagnosed health problem. Its …

Herein we summarize important discoveries made over many years about Leydig cell
function and regulation. Fetal Leydig cells produce the high levels of androgen (testosterone …

Misinterpretation and abuse of statistical tests, confidence intervals, and statistical power
have been decried for decades, yet remain rampant. A key problem is that there are no …

Purpose: There has been a marked increase in testosterone prescriptions in the past
decade resulting in a growing need to give practicing clinicians proper guidance on the …

Background Endogenous sex hormones are important for metabolic health in men and
women. Before menopause, women are protected from atherosclerotic cardiovascular …

Background Serum testosterone concentrations decrease as men age, but benefits of
raising testosterone levels in older men have not been established. Methods We assigned …

Background Testosterone is the standard treatment for male hypogonadism, but there is
uncertainty about its cardiovascular safety due to inconsistent findings. We aimed to provide …