Adenosine is an evolutionary ancient metabolic regulator linking energy state to physiologic
processes, including immunomodulation and cell proliferation. Tumors create an adenosine …

Humans do not produce uricase, an enzyme responsible for degrading uric acid. However,
some bacteria residing in the gut can degrade one-third of the dietary and endogenous uric …

Despite widespread utilization of immunotherapy, treating immune-cold tumors remains a
challenge. Multiomic analyses and experimental validation identified the OTUD4/CD73 …

The cell surface enzyme CD73 is increasingly appreciated as a pivotal non-redundant
immune checkpoint (IC) in addition to PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4. CD73 produces …

Adenosine is an endogenous nucleoside that regulates many physiological and
pathological processes. It is derived from either the intracellular or extracellular …

Lenvatinib is a multikinase inhibitor which mainly hinders liver cancer proliferation by
inhibiting angiogenesis. In 2018, Lenvatinib was approved for the first-line treatment of …

Cancer immunotherapy, particularly with immune checkpoint inhibitors, has revolutionized
the paradigm of cancer treatment. Nevertheless, the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy …

Nucleases and 5′ nucleotidase (5′-NT) play essential roles in cell biology and are often
associated with bacterial virulence. In Mycoplasma spp., which have limited metabolic …

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a refractory malignant tumor of the central nervous
system; treating GBM remains challenging because many drugs cannot cross the blood …

Background CD73 is widely expressed on immune cells playing a critical role in
immunomodulatory functions including cell adhesion and migration, as a costimulatory …