SARS-CoV-2: immunity, challenges with current vaccines, and a novel perspective on mucosal vaccines

R Sunagar, A Singh, S Kumar - Vaccines, 2023 - mdpi.com
The global rollout of COVID-19 vaccines has played a critical role in reducing pandemic
spread, disease severity, hospitalizations, and deaths. However, the first-generation …

mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 induce comparably low long-term IgG Fc galactosylation and sialylation levels but increasing long-term IgG4 responses …

JS Buhre, T Pongracz, I Künsting, AS Lixenfeld… - Frontiers in …, 2023 - frontiersin.org
Background The new types of mRNA-containing lipid nanoparticle vaccines BNT162b2 and
mRNA-1273 and the adenovirus-based vaccine AZD1222 were developed against SARS …

Establishment and recall of SARS-CoV-2 spike epitope-specific CD4+ T cell memory

KM Wragg, WS Lee, M Koutsakos, HX Tan… - Nature …, 2022 - nature.com
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and vaccination
elicit CD4+ T cell responses to the spike protein, including circulating follicular helper T …

Immune responses in Omicron SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection in vaccinated adults

H Kared, AS Wolf, A Alirezaylavasani… - Nature …, 2022 - nature.com
Abstract The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has more than 15 mutations in the receptor
binding domain of the Spike protein enabling increased transmissibility and viral escape …

The magnitude and timing of recalled immunity after breakthrough infection is shaped by SARS-CoV-2 variants

M Koutsakos, WS Lee, A Reynaldi, HX Tan, G Gare… - Immunity, 2022 - cell.com
Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 protects from infection and improves clinical outcomes in
breakthrough infections, likely reflecting residual vaccine-elicited immunity and recall of …

[HTML][HTML] A promising vaccination strategy against COVID-19 on the horizon: heterologous immunization

J Myoung - Journal of microbiology and biotechnology, 2021 - ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
To overcome the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, vaccination campaigns are the highest
priority of majority of countries. Limited supply and worldwide disproportionate availability …

SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T cells are associated with long-term persistence of neutralizing antibodies

Z Wang, X Yang, X Mei, Y Zhou, Z Tang, G Li… - … and Targeted Therapy, 2022 - nature.com
Understanding the decay and maintenance of long-term SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing
antibodies in infected or vaccinated people and how vaccines protect against other SARS …

A pilot trial of thymalfasin (thymosin-α-1) to treat hospitalized patients with hypoxemia and lymphocytopenia due to coronavirus disease 2019 infection

F Shehadeh, G Benitez, EK Mylona… - The Journal of …, 2023 - academic.oup.com
Abstract Background Thymosin-α-1 (Tα1) may be a treatment option for coronavirus disease
2019 (COVID-19), but efficacy and safety data remain limited. Methods Prospective, open …

Memory B cells and memory T cells induced by SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccination or infection show different dynamics and responsiveness to the omicron variant

S Mise-Omata, M Ikeda, M Takeshita… - The Journal of …, 2022 - journals.aai.org
Although the immunological memory produced by BNT162b2 vaccination against severe
acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been well studied and …

Safety and immunogenicity of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines among people living with HIV in China

X Han, X Yu, Y Han, Q Fang, C Shen, H Liu… - Infection and drug …, 2022 - Taylor & Francis
Purpose Vaccination reduces the incidence of severe COVID-19 and death and effectively
limits viral spread. Concerns have been raised about COVID-19 vaccine responses in the …