Aquatic invertebrates are the organisms most susceptible to ammonia toxicity. However, the
toxic effects of ammonia on invertebrates are still poorly understood. This study reviews the …

Hypoxia and ammonia are unavoidable environmental factors in aquaculture, and have
been shown cause various adverse effects in fish. In the present study, a two-factor …

Ammonia is a common environmental pollutant in aquatic ecosystem and is also a
significant concern in closed aquaculture systems. The threat of ammonia has been …

Methylene blue (MB) is a disinfectant used in aquaculture to prevent and treat fish diseases.
However, the release of MB can pose a risk to the receiving water bodies. Zooplankton are …

The harm of microplastics (MPs) to aquatic ecosystems is caused by their stable and non-
degradable properties. Additionally, the pollutants such as heavy metals in the water are …

The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute and chronic toxicity of
sulfamonomethoxine (SMM) to aquatic organisms to evaluate its impact at different trophic …

As one of the most frequently detected pharmaceutical compounds in aquatic environments,
carbamazepine (CBZ) has recently been shown to cause acute and chronic toxicity in a …

Global scale concerns regarding rise in microplastics pollution in the environment have
recently aroused. Ingestion of microplastics by biota, including freshwater zooplankton has …

The copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) is a representative antioxidant enzyme
that is responsible for the conversion of superoxide to oxygen and hydrogen peroxide in …

Ammonia toxicity has become a universal problem for aquatic animals, especially fish. The
purpose of the present study was to assess the chronic toxicity of ammonia to the juvenile …