Gliomas, the most common malignant primary brain tumours, remain universally lethal. Yet,
seminal discoveries in the past 5 years have clarified the anatomy, genetics and function of …

An estimated 20% of all patients with cancer will develop brain metastases, with the majority
of brain metastases occurring in those with lung, breast and colorectal cancers, melanoma …

Glioblastoma is the most common primary brain tumour in adults. Prognosis is poor: even
with the current gold-standard first-line treatment—maximal safe resection and combination …

Abstract Background Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and programmed death ligand 1
(PD-L1) are targets of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Methods Forty-three World Health …

The immune microenvironment of the brain differs from that of other organs and the role of
tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in brain metastases (BM), one of the most common and …

Immune checkpoint blockers (ICB) have become pivotal therapies in the clinical
armamentarium against metastatic melanoma (MMel). Given the frequency of immune …

Background The anti-programmed death-1 (anti-PD-1) therapy nivolumab has significant
clinical activity in patients with metastatic melanoma. However, little is known about the …

Metastatic disease in the brain is difficult to control and predicts poor prognosis. Here, we
analyze human brain metastases and demonstrate their robust infiltration by CD8+ T cell …

Novel targeted and immunotherapeutic agents have revolutionized systemic melanoma
management. We note differing rates of distant brain control as well as overall survival …

Brain metastases (BM) are frequent in small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Novel insights into
their pathobiology are needed for development of better therapies. We investigated tumor …