Earth has had oceans for nearly four billion years and Mars had lakes and rivers 3.5–3.8
billion years ago. However, it is still unknown whether water has ever condensed on the …

The ExoMol database (www. exomol. com) provides molecular data for spectroscopic
studies of hot atmospheres. These data are widely used to model atmospheres of …

To date, 241 individual molecular species, composed of 19 different elements, have been
detected in the interstellar and circumstellar medium by astronomical observations. These …

LHS 1140 b is the second-closest temperate transiting planet to Earth with an equilibrium
temperature low enough to support surface liquid water. At 1.730±0.025 R⊕, LHS 1140 b …

The two-planet transiting system LHS 1140 has been extensively observed since its
discovery in 2017, notably with Spitzer, HST, TESS, and ESPRESSO, placing strong …

The implications of the water vapor runaway greenhouse phenomenon for water-rich sub-
Neptunes are developed. In particular, the nature of the postrunaway equilibration process …

Traditionally, the search for life on exoplanets has been predominantly focused on rocky
exoplanets. The recently proposed Hycean worlds have the potential to significantly expand …

The search for signs of life through the detection of exoplanet atmosphere biosignature
gases is gaining momentum. Yet, only a handful of rocky exoplanet atmospheres are …

Hycean worlds are a proposed subset of sub-Neptune exoplanets with substantial water
inventories, liquid surface oceans, and extended hydrogen-dominated atmospheres …

Context. Observations by the Kepler satellite have revealed a gap between larger sub-
Neptunes and smaller super-Earths that atmospheric escape models had predicted as an …