Acid fracturing is applied to increase the productivity of carbonate formations. The acid
creates rough fracture surfaces and channels that keep the fractures open after closure. This …

Fracture conductivity is a measure of the fracture ability to transfer fluids from a hydrocarbon-
bearing zone to a well. Proppant embedment in soft formations and rock weakening due to …

Most wells in carbonate reservoirs are stimulated. Because of their low cost and simpler
operations, acid‐stimulation methods are usually preferred if they are sufficient. Matrix …

The exploitation of unconventional formations requires propped hydraulic fracturing
treatments. Propped fracturing is an expensive process that usually suffers from operational …

Hydraulic fracturing to generate complex fracture networks is essential for shale reservoir
development. However, the recovery of shale oil and gas is still low due to various …

Carbonate formations, which are usually naturally fractured, are good candidates for acid
fracturing. Natural fractures have a significant impact on the execution and outcomes of acid …

There is a big concern regarding waste materials that are generated daily. Cigarette butts
are one of the most common forms of trash. Trillions of cigarette butts are thrown from car …

Different techniques are used to increase the hydrocarbon production from carbonate
reservoirs; the common approach is applying acid fracturing. Channels and rough fracture …

The impacts of a natural fracture on the propagation of a hydraulic fracture has been
extensively studied in the past decade. However, there were only minor attempts to …

Acid fracturing is one technique for increasing carbonate formation productivity. The
injection of acid causes dissolution along the fracture, which results in conductivity. The …