In people with Parkinson's disease, neuropsychiatric signs and symptoms are common
throughout the disease course. These symptoms can be disabling and as clinically relevant …

Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder in which gastrointestinal
symptoms may appear prior to motor symptoms. The gut microbiota of patients with …

Levodopa is the gold standard for the symptomatic treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD).
There are well documented motor and non‐motor fluctuations, however, that occur almost …

Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus is an effective and established therapy for
patients with advanced Parkinson's disease improving quality of life, motor symptoms and …

Levodopa is the most effective medication for the treatment of the motor symptoms of
Parkinson's disease. However, over time, the clinical response to levodopa becomes …

As Parkinson's disease (PD) progresses, treatment needs to be adapted to maintain
symptom control. Once patients develop advanced PD, an optimised regimen of oral and …

Abstract Background The Movement Disorder Society–sponsored Nonmotor Rating Scale is
an update of the existing Parkinson's disease Nonmotor Symptoms Scale modified to …

The Non‐Motor Symptoms Scale (NMSS) was developed and validated in 2007 as the first
instrument for the comprehensive assessment of a range of non‐motor symptoms in …

Motor fluctuations (MF) are deemed by patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) as the most
troublesome disease feature resulting from the increasing impairment in responsiveness to …

When oral dopaminergic medication falls short in the treatment of Parkinson's disease,
patients are left with motor response fluctuations and dyskinesias that may have a large …