The gastrointestinal tract is the only internal organ to have evolved with its own independent
nervous system, known as the enteric nervous system (ENS). This Review provides an …

The enteric nervous system (ENS) of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract interacts with the local
immune system bidirectionally. Recent publications have demonstrated that such …

Gastrointestinal (GI) discomfort is a hallmark of most gut disorders and represents an
important component of chronic visceral pain. For the growing population afflicted by irritable …

Abstract Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) is best known as a neurotransmitter critical
for central nervous system (CNS) development and function. 95% of the body's serotonin …

Background & Aims When the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) promoter is used to
express cellular toxins that eliminate glia in mice, intestinal epithelial permeability and …

Gastrointestinal (GI) problems constitute an important comorbidity in many patients with
autism. Multiple mutations in the neuroligin family of synaptic adhesion molecules are …

Infants and young children receive the highest exposures to antibiotics globally. Although
there is building evidence that early life exposure to antibiotics increases susceptibility to …

The enteric nervous system (ENS) contains millions of neurons essential for organization of
motor behavior of the intestine. It is well established that the large intestine requires ENS …

Gastrointestinal (GI) comorbidities are common in individuals with mood and behavioral
dysfunction. Similarly, patients with GI problems more commonly suffer from co-morbid …

Although it is most well-known for its roles in central nervous system (CNS) function, the vast
majority of serotonin, or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), is produced in the gastrointestinal (GI) …