The human social brain is complex. Current knowledge fails to define the neurobiological
processes underlying social behaviour involving the (patho-) physiological mechanisms that …

This paper is the 28th consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning
the endogenous opioid system, now spanning over a quarter-century of research. It …

Excessive consumption of alcohol is among the leading causes of preventable death
worldwide. Although ethanol modulates a variety of molecular targets, including several …

Drug addiction is a chronic brain disorder leading to complex adaptive changes within the
brain reward circuits that involve several neurotransmitters. One of the neurochemical …

The development of alcohol dependence is posited to involve numerous changes in brain
chemistry (ie, neurotransmission) that lead to physiological signs of withdrawal upon …

Alcohol and nicotine are often co-abused. As many as 80–95% of alcoholics are also
smokers, suggesting that ethanol and nicotine, the primary addictive component of tobacco …

Many studies have reported that heavy substance use is associated with impaired response
inhibition. Studies typically focused on associations with a single substance, while …

The transition from goal-directed actions to habitual ethanol seeking models the
development of addictive behavior that characterizes alcohol use disorders. The …

Chronic pain conditions such as low back pain and osteoarthritis are the most prominent
causes of disability worldwide. Morphine and other opioid drugs are the gold standard …

Background: The endogenous opioid system plays a significant role in alcohol dependence.
The goal of the current study was to investigate regional brain mu‐opioid receptor (MOR) …