Relapsing fever still remains a neglected disease and little is known on its reservoir, tick
vector and physiopathology in the vertebrate host. The disease occurs in temperate as well …

Simple Summary Following Borreliae Part 1, this second review describes Borreliae of the
relapsing fever group (RFG) and unclassified Borreliae. The RFG is further divided …

This rebuttal Letter responds to a Letter in IJSEM by Margos et al. challenging division of the
genus Borrelia into two genera. We discuss here point-by-point the issues raised by Margos …

Spirochetes of the family Borreliaceae are, with one exception, tick-borne pathogens of a
variety of vertebrates. The family at present comprises two genera: Borrelia (Swellengrebel) …

Relapsing fever (RF) is caused by several species of Borrelia; all, except two species, are
transmitted to humans by soft (argasid) ticks. The species B. recurrentis is transmitted from …

Vector competence refers to the ability of an arthropod to acquire, maintain, and successfully
transmit a microbial pathogen. Tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF) spirochetes are globally …

The relapsing fever spirochetes Borrelia hermsii and Borrelia turicatae are each maintained
and transmitted in nature by their specific tick vectors, Ornithodoros hermsi Wheeler (Acari …

Abstract The spirochetes Borrelia (Borreliella) burgdorferi and Borrelia hermsii, the etiologic
agents of Lyme disease and relapsing fever, respectively, cycle in nature between an …

The relapsing fever spirochete Borrelia turicatae possesses a complex life cycle in its soft‐
bodied tick vector, Ornithodoros turicata. Spirochetes enter the tick midgut during a blood …

Genetic studies in Borrelia require special consideration of the highly segmented genome,
complex growth requirements and evolutionary distance of spirochetes from other …