Graves orbitopathy, also known as thyroid eye disease or thyroid-associated orbitopathy, is
visually disabling, cosmetically disfiguring and has a substantial negative impact on a …

Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is a complex disease process presumed to
emerge from autoimmunity occurring in the thyroid gland, most frequently in Graves disease …

Since the 1970s, the role of infectious diseases in the pathogenesis of Graves' disease (GD)
has been an object of intensive research. The last decade has witnessed many studies on …

Background Graves' disease (GD) is an autoimmune condition in which autoantibodies to
the thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) cause hyperthyroidism. About 50% of GD patients also have …

Abstract Graves' orbitopathy (GO), the most severe manifestation of Graves' hyperthyroidism
(GH), is an autoimmune-mediated inflammatory disorder, and treatments often exhibit a low …

Graves 'disease (GD) is a clinical syndrome with an enlarged and overactive thyroid gland,
an accelerated heart rate, Graves' orbitopathy (GO), and pretibial myxedema (PTM). GO is …

Thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO) is a disfiguring periocular connective tissue disease
associated with autoimmune thyroid disorders. It is a potentially blinding condition, for which …

Graves' orbitopathy (GO), also known as thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy, is the most
common ocular abnormality of Graves' disease. It is a disfiguring, invalidating, and …

Background Variation in induced models of autoimmunity has been attributed to the housing
environment and its effect on the gut microbiota. In Graves' disease (GD), autoantibodies to …

Introduction Graves' disease (GD) is an autoimmune disorder caused by autoantibodies
against the thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) leading to overstimulation of the …