Acetylcholine (ACh) is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the insect central nervous
system (CNS). However, besides the neuronal expression of ACh receptors (AChR), the …

During their lifetime honey bees (Apis mellifera) rarely experience optimal conditions.
Sometimes, a simultaneous action of multiple stressors, natural and chemical, results in …

In most cases, honey bees experience pesticide pollution in a long-term period through
direct or indirect exposure, such as the development process from larvae to the pre-harvest …

Under laboratory conditions, the effects of thiamethoxam were investigated in larvae, pupae
and emerging honey bees after exposure at larval stages with different concentrations in the …

Neonicotinoids are the most widely used pesticide compared to other major insecticide
classes known worldwide and have the fastest growing market share. Many studies showed …

The widespread use of pesticides in agriculture has been linked to declines in bee
populations worldwide. Imidacloprid is a widely used systemic insecticide that can be found …

Simple Summary This study assessed the toxic effects of two pesticides, lambda-cyhalothrin
(LCY) and spinetoram (SPI), on honey bee larvae. Through single (acute) and repeated …

Risk evaluations for agricultural chemicals are necessary to preserve healthy populations of
honey bee colonies. Field studies on whole colonies are limited in behavioural research …

Global pesticide use in agriculture is one reason for the rapid insect decline in recent years.
The relatively new pesticide flupyradifurone is neurotoxic to pest insects but considered …

BACKGROUND Recently, cyantraniliprole (CYA) and sulfoxaflor (SUL) have been
considered as alternatives to neonicotinoid insecticides. In this study, we evaluated the …