The objective of irrigation and drainage management is to control soil water status, but the
goal for crop management may be to obtain maximum crop yield, maximum water use …

The number of different sensors available for measuring soil water content has increased
since the introduction of time domain reflectometry (TDR). In this study the performances of …

A handheld microwave reflectometer-sensor system is developed to operate from 1.35 to
1.95 GHz and used to measure volumetric and gravimetric moisture content in various types …

In this article, we propose and demonstrate a novel corrosion-resistant, embeddable open-
end coaxial cable soil moisture sensor. This microwave resonator is constructed using two …

A soil-water frequency domain reflectometry sensor, the ThetaProbe, was evaluated for its
ability to measure the apparent soil dielectric constant and subsequent estimation of soil …

Soil water content stands as a pivotal parameter across numerous research disciplines and
engineering applications. Electromagnetic (EM) sensors have gained widespread usage in …

Affordable, commercial dielectric sensors of the frequency domain reflectometry (FDR) and
capacitance–conductance (CC) types estimate the dielectric permittivity (εb) and electrical …

A well-managed irrigation scheduling system needs a rapid, precise, simple, cost-effective
and non-destructive soil water sensor that allows for measurements at different depths and …

This work proposes a complementary concentric open-ring microwave resonator sensor for
accurate sensing of the electrical properties of soil and its moisture content. The device …

The use of time domain reflectometry (TDR) to determine water content (θv) from the
measurement of the apparent dielectric constant (Ka) or the square root of the apparent …