Whether the human fetus and the prenatal intrauterine environment (amniotic fluid and
placenta) are stably colonized by microbial communities in a healthy pregnancy remains a …

The colon mucus layer is organized with an inner colon mucus layer that is impenetrable to
bacteria and an outer mucus layer that is expanded to allow microbiota colonization. A major …

Fermented foods and alcoholic beverages have long been an important part of the human
diet in nearly every culture on every continent. These foods are often well‐preserved and …

Orally administered probiotics encounter various challenges on their journey through the
mouth, stomach, intestine and colon. The health benefits of probiotics are diminished mainly …

Lactobacilli comprise an important group of probiotics for both human and animals. The
emerging concern regarding safety problems associated with live microbial cells is …

Oral delivery of therapeutics is the preferred route of administration due to ease of
administration which is associated with greater patient medication adherence. One major …

Lactobacillus species are found in nutrient-rich habitats associated with food, feed, plants,
animals and humans. Due to their economic importance, the metabolism, genetics and …

Akkermansia muciniphila is an intestinal bacterium that was isolated a decade ago from a
human fecal sample. Its specialization in mucin degradation makes it a key organism at the …

The human gut is colonized by a variety of large amounts of microbes that are collectively
called intestinal microbiota. Most of these microbial residents will grow within the mucus …

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) was the first strain belonging to the genus Lactobacillus
to be patented in 1989 thanks to its ability to survive and to proliferate at gastric acid pH and …