Hypertension is the most common chronic disease in the world, yet the precise cause of
elevated blood pressure often cannot be determined. Animal models have been useful for …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has emerged as a major cause of morbidity and mortality
worldwide. Interstitial fibrosis, glomerulosclerosis and inflammation play the central role in …

TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β) is well identified as a central mediator in renal fibrosis.
TGF-β initiates canonical and non-canonical pathways to exert multiple biological effects …

MicroRNA-29 (miR-29) negatively regulates fibrosis and is downregulated in multiple fibrotic
organs and tissues, including in the skin. miR-29 mimics prevent pulmonary fibrosis in …

The approval of the first small interfering RNA (siRNA) drug Patisiran by FDA in 2018 marks
a new era of RNA interference (RNAi) therapeutics. MicroRNAs (miRNA), an important post …

MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small non-coding RNAs (∼ 22 nt in length) that are known as
potent master regulators of eukaryotic gene expression. miRNAs have been shown to play a …

Synthesis and deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) within the glomerulus and interstitium
characterizes renal fibrosis, but the mechanisms underlying this process are incompletely …

The human miR-29 family of microRNAs has three mature members, miR-29a, miR-29b, and
miR-29c. miR-29s are encoded by two gene clusters. Binding sites for several transcriptional …

Kidney fibrosis is the final common pathway of all progressive chronic kidney diseases, of
which diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause. Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition …

Heterotrimers composed of collagen type IV alpha 1 (COL4A1) and alpha 2 (COL4A2)
constitute one of the most abundant components of nearly all basement membranes …