This paper briefly reviews ionospheric irregularities that occur in the E and F regions at mid‐
latitudes. Sporadic E (ES) is a common ionospheric irregularity phenomenon that is first …

The occurrence of plasma irregularities and ionospheric scintillation over the Caribbean
region have been reported in previous studies, but a better understanding of the source and …

Data from a DPS‐4 Digisonde and an ionospheric scintillation monitor, both located at the
low‐latitude station Hainan (109.1° E, 19.5° N; dip latitude 9° N), were analyzed to study the …

Simultaneous F‐region airglow, E‐region coherent‐scatter radar, and ionosonde
observations were made in Greece during the summer sporadic‐E season in 2002. In this …

We present the observational evidence of Eand Fregion field-aligned irregularities (FAIs),
nighttime medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs), and a sporadic E (ES) …

Spread F is an ionospheric phenomenon which has been reported and analyzed
extensively over equatorial regions on the basis of the Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) instability. It has …

On a geomagnetic quiet night of October 29, 2018, we captured an observational evidence
of the onset of dark band structures within the field‐of‐view of an all‐sky airglow imager …

In this paper, a novel design and implementation of a software‐defined high‐frequency
ionospheric radar, the Penn State Ionospheric Radar Imager (PIRI), is described …

This study presents the statistical features of ionospheric E‐F coupling and interhemispheric
coupling at midlatitudes. Nighttime ionospheric E and F region irregularity occurrences are …

The generic equilibrium configuration of the nighttime midlatitude ionosphere consists of an
F layer held up against gravity by winds and/or electric fields, and a sporadic E (E s) layer …