The accumulation of an excessive amount of body fat can cause type 2 diabetes, and the
risk of type 2 diabetes increases linearly with an increase in body mass index. Accordingly …

Evidence is increasing that disturbances in the gut microbiome may play a significant role in
the etiology of obesity and type 2 diabetes. The short chain fatty acid butyrate, a major end …

The prevalence of sarcopenic obesity is increasing worldwide, particularly amongst aging
populations. Insulin resistance is the core mechanism of sarcopenic obesity and is also …

Glucose levels in blood must be constantly maintained within a tight physiological range to
sustain anabolism. Insulin regulates glucose homeostasis via its effects on glucose …

Within adipose tissue (AT), immune cells and parenchymal cells closely interact creating a
complex microenvironment. In obesity, immune cell derived inflammation contributes to …

Glycogen is the storage form of carbohydrates in mammals. In humans the majority of
glycogen is stored in skeletal muscles (∼ 500 g) and the liver (∼ 100 g). Food is supplied in …

A discussion of the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus must start with a review of
mechanisms involved in the maintenance of normal glucose homeostasis in the basal or …

Background The metabolic effects and mechanism of action of metformin are still poorly
understood, despite the fact that it has been used to treat patients with non-insulin …

Objective Skeletal muscle insulin signaling is a major determinant of muscle growth and
glucose homeostasis. Protein kinase B/Akt plays a prominent role in mediating many of the …

Diabetes mellitus has now assumed epidemic proportions in many countries of the world.
With the present population of 19.4 million diabetics, and approximately 60 million by the …