Combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
infection has proven remarkably successful–for those who can access and afford it–yet HIV …

Despite substantial progress in confronting the global HIV-1 epidemic since its inception in
the 1980s, better approaches for both treatment and prevention will be necessary to end the …

Natural antibodies (Abs) can target host glycans on the surface of pathogens. We studied
the evolution of glycan-reactive B cells of rhesus macaques and humans using glycosylated …

The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S) represents an important viral component that is required
for successful viral infection in humans owing to its essential role in recognition of and entry …

Cross-reactive epitopes (CREs) are similar epitopes on viruses that are recognized or
neutralized by same antibodies. The S protein of SARS-CoV-2, similar to type I fusion …

Longitudinal studies in HIV-1-infected individuals have indicated that 2 to 3 years of infection
are required to develop broadly neutralizing antibodies. However, we have previously …

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has escalated into a global crisis. The
spike (S) protein that mediates cell entry and membrane fusion is the current focus of …

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) indefinitely persists, despite effective antiretroviral
therapy (ART), within a small pool of latently infected cells. These cells often display markers …

The RV144 trial represents the only vaccine trial to demonstrate any protective effect against
HIV-1 infection. While the reason (s) for this protection are still being evaluated, it serves as …

Summary The HIV-1 envelope (Env) is comprised by mass of over 50% glycans. A goal of
HIV-1 vaccine development is the induction of Env glycan-reactive broadly neutralizing …