Regulatory B cells (Bregs) is a term that encompasses all B cells that act to suppress
immune responses. Bregs contribute to the maintenance of tolerance, limiting ongoing …

In the last decades, evidence suggesting the direct or indirect involvement of B cells on
multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis has accumulated. The increased amount of data on …

SARS-CoV-2 messenger RNA vaccination in healthy individuals generates immune
protection against COVID-19. However, little is known about SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine …

Recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) is the leading vector for gene therapy in the
retina. As non-pathogenic, non-integrating, replication deficient vector, the recombinant virus …

Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) exist in almost all tissues, possessing the potential
to differentiate into specialized cell types and exert immunomodulatory functions. Thus, they …

Autoantibodies are frequently observed in healthy individuals. In a minority of these
individuals, they lead to manifestation of autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis …

B cells play a central role in the immunopathogenesis of glomerulonephritides and
transplant rejection. B cells secrete antibodies that contribute to tissue injury via multiple …

Despite being the second least represented granulocyte subpopulation in the circulating
blood, eosinophils are receiving a growing interest from the scientific community, due to their …

Success with B cell depletion using rituximab has proven the concept that B lineage cells
represent a valid target for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, and has promoted the …

Background IgG 4-related disease (IgG 4-RD) is a systemic condition of unknown cause
characterized by highly fibrotic lesions with dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates. CD4+ T …