Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neuropeptide that plays numerous important
roles in synaptic development and plasticity. While its importance in fundamental physiology …

Dopamine regulates reward-related behavior through the mesolimbic dopaminergic
pathway. Stress affects dopamine levels and dopaminergic neuronal activity in the …

In humans, traumatic social experiences can contribute to psychiatric disorders. It is
suggested that social trauma impairs brain reward function such that social behaviour is no …

Major depression is a leading contributor to the global burden of disease. This situation is
mainly related to the chronicity and/or recurrence of the disorder, and to poor response to …

Anhedonia is the inability to experience pleasure from rewarding or enjoyable activities and
is a core symptom of depression in humans. Here, we describe a protocol for the …

Key points Chronic (psychosocial) stress changes gut microbiota composition, as well as
inducing behavioural and physiological deficits. The microbial metabolites short‐chain fatty …

INTRODUCTION Depression is an episodic form of mental illness, yet the circuit-level
mechanisms driving the induction, remission, and recurrence of depressive episodes over …

Anhedonia—the loss of pleasure or lack of reactivity to pleasurable stimuli—remains a
formidable treatment challenge across neuropsychiatric disorders. In major depressive …

Background We have known for some time that being bullied was associated with children's
and adolescents' adjustment difficulties and well‐being. In recent years, we have come to …

Downward social mobility is a well-known mental risk factor for depression, but its neural
mechanism remains elusive. Here, by forcing mice to lose against their subordinates in a …