Mitochondria have been described as “the powerhouses of the cell” because they link the
energy-releasing activities of electron transport and proton pumping with the energy …

Cytochrome c oxidase is discussed as a possible photoacceptor when cells are irradiated
with monochromatic red to near-IR radiation. Four primary action mechanisms are reviewed …

The notion that electrophiles serve as messengers in cell signaling is now widely accepted.
Nonetheless, major issues restrain acceptance of redox homeostasis and redox signaling as …

Lipid peroxidation is a well known example of oxidative damage in cell membranes,
lipoproteins, and other lipid-containing structures. Peroxidative modification of unsaturated …

Bcl-2 inhibits most types of apoptotic cell death, implying a common mechanism of lethality.
Bcl-2 is localized to intracellular sites of oxygen free radical generation including …

This paper describes our present strategy for the investigation of respiratory chain disorders
in humans. Because very few of the underlying mutations causing mitochondrial disorders in …

Spontaneous lipid peroxidation in washed human spermatozoa was induced by aerobic
incubation at 32 C and measured by malonaldehyde production; loss of motility during the …

The oxidative burst, during which large quantities of reactive oxygen species (ROS) like
superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals, peroxy radicals, alkoxy radicals, singlet …

Glutathione, which is synthesized within cells, is a component of a pathway that uses
NADPH to provide cells with their reducing milieu. This is essential for (a) maintenance of …

Partially-reduced forms of dioxygen or “oxy-radicals”(superoxide, O 2⨪ HO 2·; hydrogen
peroxide H 2 O 2; hydroxyl radical· OH) and oxidants of comparable reactivity are implicated …