Its increasing incidence has led stroke to be the second leading cause of death worldwide.
Despite significant advances in recanalization strategies, patients are still at risk for …

Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) disruption is an important pathophysiological process of acute
ischemic stroke (AIS), resulting in devastating malignant brain edema and hemorrhagic …

Neuronal cell death occurs extensively during development and pathology, where it is
especially important because of the limited capacity of adult neurons to proliferate or be …

Intracerebral haemorrhage is inadequately controlled by current treatments, requiring new
solutions to improve the prognosis. Following the primary injury, a proinflammatory cascade …

Microglia/macrophages are the major immune cells involved in the defence against brain
damage. Their morphology and functional changes are correlated with the release of danger …

Microglia are brain resident macrophages originated from primitive progenitor cells in the
yolk sac. Microglia can be activated within hours and recruited to the lesion site …

Interest in excitotoxicity expanded following its implication in the pathogenesis of ischemic
brain injury in the 1980s, but waned subsequent to the failure of N-methyl-D-aspartate …

Ischaemic stroke involves the rapid onset of focal neurological dysfunction, most commonly
due to an arterial blockage in a specific region of the brain. Stroke is a leading cause of …

Minocycline is a second‐generation, semi‐synthetic tetracycline that has been in therapeutic
use for over 30 years because of its antibiotic properties against both gram‐positive and …

Approaches for the effective management of acute stroke are sparse, and many measures
for brain protection fail. However, our ability to modulate the immune system and modify the …