Complex genetic and physiological variations as well as environmental factors that drive
emergence of chromosomal instability, development of unscheduled cell death, skewed …

Background Type I interferons (IFN-I) contribute to a broad range of rheumatic and
musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs). Compelling evidence suggests that the measurement of …

Objectives To systematically review the literature for assay methods that aim to evaluate type
I interferon (IFN-I) pathway activation and to harmonise-related terminology. Methods Three …

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a metabolic disease caused by the autoimmune destruction of
insulin-producing β-cells. With its incidence increasing worldwide, to find a safe approach to …

Apoptosis is an important component of normal tissue physiology, and the prompt removal of
apoptotic cells is equally essential to avoid the undesirable consequences of their …

Abstract System lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disorder affecting
multiple organs, and persistent disease activity is associated with increased morbidity and …

The high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) has been shown to exert proinflammatory effects on
many cells of the innate immune system. Originally identified as a nuclear protein, HMGB1 …

Type I interferons (IFNs) have recently received a lot of attention with the elucidation of the
pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Type I IFNs are associated with many …

Our immune system responds to infectious (PAMPs) and tissue damage (DAMPs) signals.
The complement system and alarmin High-Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) are two powerful …

Dysregulation of different forms of programmed cell death contributes to increased
exposure, availability, and immunogenic characteristics of intracellular self antigens, which …